Therefore has he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardens.
All Commentaries on Romans 9:18 Go To Romans 9
Augustine of Hippo
AD 430
You must believe that the man whom God permits to go astray and to become hardened has deserved this evil, while in the case of the man upon whom he has mercy, you must acknowledge with an unswerving faith that this is a case of the grace of God, who is rendering not evil for evil but good for evil.